The Cruel Practice of Child Abuse - 1215 Words

Bruises may fade but the pain lasts forever, it is not something that is easily overcome the people that overcome this are both mentally, and emotionally strong. Child abuse is cruel practice but it is seemingly increasing in size every day. More and more children are being neglected, beaten, or sexually abused by their parents or adults in their lives. Most of these children have done nothing to grant this cruel kind of â€Å"punishment†; no child deserves to fear for their life when they go home. A home should be a child’s safety spot not a place where they dread going to because they know they may not see tomorrow. Child abuse is a problem that I can relate to; not because I myself was abused but my mother Robyn, my cousin Lauren, and my best friend Amanda were abused. I have heard their stories many times but no matter how many times I hear the stories they always break my heart. They did not deserve what happened to them and they had no choice in the matter of whether it continued or not. Some people say what happened to them was a sad and freak type of thing, people want to push it under the rug and act like it never happened. However, I know the truth that what happened to them it was no accident the people that did this did it on purpose, they knew what they were doing. They are just cruel freaks that get their kicks out of causing other people pain and suffering. My mom was neglected, sexually, physically, and emotionally abused by her mom’s many boyfriends; thisShow MoreRelatedThe Unacceptable Act of Child Abuse887 Words   |  4 PagesAbusing Children is Cruelty and is Never Acceptable It goes without saying that any child who has not reached the age of adulthood yet needs to be treated with care, love, and understanding. Abusing children is acceptable under no circumstances because abusing them not only violates their human rights and dignity but also puts them at greater risk since psychological effects of abusing children may be much higher than the effects of abusing adults (though neither is acceptable). However, thisRead MoreWhen Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse?1486 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse? In this report, I concentrated my research on the fine line between physical discipline and child abuse, with emphasis on spanking vs. not spanking and its effects on children. Included are research from statistics, opposing views and arguments, advocates’ and Department of Children and Families’ position. The use of corporal punishment, or spanking, as a form of parental discipline is a controversial topic. Adults who remember being spankingRead MoreThe Islands Of Cape Verde859 Words   |  4 PagesVerde’s government party is Republican. Respect for Political Rights: The Right of Citizens to Change Their Government The constitution and law provide citizens the right to change their government peacefully, and citizens exercised this right in practice through periodic, free, and fair elections based on universal suffrage. Elections and Political Participation Recent Elections: In the 2011 legislative elections, individuals and parties were free to declare their candidates. The ruling African PartyRead MorePurpose Of Corporal Punishment1151 Words   |  5 Pagesclosely related to prison corporal punishment. Quite a few people support corporal punishment as a valid form of education. On the other hand, there is also a large number of people who denounce corporal punishment as c ruel and inhumane. As for me, I agree that corporal punishment is a cruel and inhumane behavior. Some people think that corporal punishment is usually an effective behavior deterrent. It helps to serve as a deterrent. When children see that someone has been whipped for misbehaving, theyRead MoreSteps And Precautions Of Animal Cruelty1243 Words   |  5 Pagesmay require an educational visit from an animal control officer. Abuse may require removal of the animal from the home. Either way, your call will guarantee a better life for the pet. The ACO’s will keep your name confidential. 2. Understand the link between animal cruelty and domestic abuse. There is a direct link between animal abuse and other types of domestic violence, from child abuse to spousal abuse. If you suspect animal abuse in a home, your phone call could open the door to more help forRead MoreGirls Protection1458 Words   |  6 PagesGirl-Child 1. End all forms of discrimination against the girl-child.STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES: Every child has the right to enjoy their human rights and to special protective measures without discrimination, including protection from discrimination because of what her/his parents do or believe. ICCPR 24:1; CRC 2 ACTIONS: * Ratify and implement the Convention on the Rights of the Child. * Ensure that a child is registered immediately after birth, has the right from birth to a name, to acquire aRead MoreEssay about Feed The Children710 Words   |  3 PagesCan you imagine getting attacked in your sleep by rats? Many child slaves in Haiti awake to such horrific conditions. Haitian children are often sent to live with wealthier or less poor relatives in return for food, shelter, education, and a better life in return for tasks performed. But many are forced into domestic slavery or restavek. Restavek is a common practice of Haitian society. Some as young as three are beaten, forced to do anything asked, request nothing, speak only when spoken toRead MoreWomen In Yemen724 Words   |  3 Pagesensue in order for the girl to be able to physically support a developing fetus, if she does become pregnant (Berk, 2014). Yemen is the poorest country in the Middle East and is known for its rampant human rights violations. Amongst these abuses sets a practice of families selling or giving away their young daughters to older men in matrimony. Presently, there is no legal age of marriage in Yemen and boys and girls of any age can be married off (Girls, Not Brides, n.d.). Most countries have a marriageRead MoreThe Harrowing Story Of Harriet Jacobs1284 Words   |  6 Pageshim through cruel coercion. This treatment is almost exclusive to women living on a plantation, and coupled with daily punishments of simply being a slave, morally and physically burdens many slave girls. Although sexual harassment and rape were common practices on plantations, it was rarely ever spoken of. If a woman were to be subjected to such treatment, she most likely would have no one to turn to as a confidant. To confide in another would not only put herself at risk of abuse, but also theRead MoreChild Of A Soldier For The War1419 Words   |  6 Pagesteach them how to use the gun event they skull. Many nations they had do this to their people who live in that nation s. States it is not much of a problem mostly because here we have child labor laws. Child soldiers are not really a problem in the U.S because of our Labor laws. They have to do this too their child because they are pool, so they need to do this too let their kid get out and find himself the way to get better place. Thousands of children are serving as soldiers in armed conflicts

Career in Accounting - 1577 Words

Careers in Accounting One of the major careers being practiced today is accountancy. Thousands of people are completing their degrees in accounting because there seems to be a bright future for accountants with the appropriate qualifications. Accountants, in their career, help ensure that the organizations are running more efficiently, public records are kept more accurately, and taxes are paid properly and on time. They perform important functions by offering a wide volume of business and accounting services to their clients. Accounting career paths vary and this is why many times one has to consider the path that they want to take. After graduating, with an accounting degree, most people do not have a specific idea of what sector to†¦show more content†¦People who strive to become licensed, Certified Public Accountants, benefit greatly from the title. This is a person who is approved by the state and to finance financial information in the public companies to give accurate results. These individuals are also qualified to start their own auditing/CPA firm. (Felix 2010, 56). This is why most people advice to make sure that they have taken the CPA Exam, in order to get the best out of their career. Being a Certified Public Accountant is an extra way to make more money and have better job availability. Many people who have licenses and certifications are able to have the best things available in their career paths. Taxation is another area, which an accounting graduate can take up. This is for a person who would like to become a tax accountant. These are the people who work for both companies and individuals. They usually prepare statements for either a corporation or for personal income. They serve as a resource for the individual when doing anything tax related. It’s vital for a tax expert, who is doing this kind of work to have good knowledge background of the necessary kind of economics and tax related code. Every qualified and certified acco untant expects a salary that is higher than any other undergraduate from a number of business schools, without any certification or title. Another form ofShow MoreRelatedAccounting As A Career2623 Words   |  11 Pagesinvestigate the major I have chosen, Accounting. Because my goal is to become a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), I would like to know more of what it entails. Dealing with numbers, and recording and projecting the earnings of a company, accountants are placed with the responsibility of keeping track of the moneys of a business. God has blessed me with skills in the areas of mathematics and organization, which caused me to look for an occupation that utilizes both. Accounting seemed a logical choice sinceRead MoreCareers in Accounting2287 Words   |  10 PagesCareers in Accounting Jenifer Smyder ACC100 – Accounting I Dr. Kazem Khan Strayer University December 2, 2014 NOTE: This is your title page for the research paper in APA style. 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Tax accountants are in charge of individual tax returns, businesses taxes, audits, and other forms of tax record keeping. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Tax accountants earn an annual mean wage of $56,890. According to an article titled, The Gloomy Future Of The Tax Preparation Industry published by Investopedia, about 30% of filers used a computer program like TurboTax. Nonetheless, Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) are still

Anthropology

Question: Write an essay on Anthropology. Answer: Introduction: Genders constraints different aspects of the life, which includes good life and that can be examined using the various model of genderedness. Men and women do gender by consuming the gender proper food. As, meat especially, the red meat is one of the conventional masculine food. The male gender sometimes emphasizes meat while the female gender minimizes the same, which displays the gender and their individual nature (Jeffery 2005). Hence, dealing with the gender concerning the choices of the food, then there is a requirement of the negotiations that comes regarding the sharing of food as partners in common food. Meat is a contested food especially during the marriage, which explains the requirement of its amount of consumption concerning the food negotiations (Adams 2015). Various models of the masculinities suggest that the meat consumption need not necessarily follow the hegemonic or the mechanical gender patterns. Different culture scripts that strong men, wealthy men, sensitive m en, healthy men or any other adjective related conception of men employed in the marital negotiations regarding the doing meat.' Various aspects of the marriage and the cultural aspects of the society explains the negotiations of managing the genderedness reflecting the food or other social, gendered scripts on food. Hence, we see that all aspects of the life get interpreted with the concept of genderedness. Throughout the analysis, we will consider how the food life gets altered regarding dealing with different aspect of the choices, religions, cultures and genderedness. We will also look into the matter of the ethical concepts of considering one food in the name of religion and rejecting some other means of food in aspects of the ethics and the gender difference. We will have an incept of some considerations that the migrants people felt after they moved and the sudden change of the food habit which they eventually adopted and their reaction. Discussion: Throughout the discussion, we will look at the various aspects of the multiculturalism, gender contrast, and the relation with the various practice and concept of the food culture and compromises about the genderedness. Let us begin with the everyday eating at the borders, with the point of the culinary landscape departure within two shopping streets in Newtown of Sydney and Green Lanes in London, defining the culinary journeys (Duruz 2005). Naturally these two streets offer the opportunities for crossing the borders of the culture and culinary. On one hand, the negotiations trace the outlines of the mainstream, with the western mentality. On the other hand, there are blurring traditional relationships with the suggestion of the subtle movements within the established category of identification (McDowell 1999). It is quite obvious that these two streets will provide opportunities crossing the borders of the cultural and culinary boundaries. It is quite obvious that the discussion held here contains the description about the how the streets mentioned here possesses with the everyday life lived in those streets other than the imaginings of the symbolic economy. For this discussion, we will take the cu linary biography of the two elderly women Australia with British descent and one English woman, who happen to belong to the working class. The question asked of them carries an argumental note about the feelings of staying in a cosmopolitan King Street within the different cultures of the Haringey (Sharpe 1999). Taking up the concern with the discussion there is a possibility of the shift which might even get detected of the common mainstream identity with the difference. Furthermore, in the troublemaking potential of dreaming storytelling or remembering, we may detect some fragility of Anglo-centered ethnicity terrain hold and borders permeability. The discussion does not bring mediation within any particular streets. Rather, here the streets move beyond their place of origin to become the place of the return or the departure. The landscapes are the are some microscopic rituals that were engaging the memories of the time along with places they were attached. Concerning the traditional focus of the anthropology upon fixed relation between the place and identity within a particular era shaped by the forces of transactionality and globalization. With this reference, (Appadurai 1990) explains that the task of the ethnography becomes conundrum and unavailing. Then what would the experience of living in the globalized and the world be of deterritorialized? He further discussed the concept with the fresh approach towards the puzzle in the role of the imagination as well as the social life. The imagination allows an individual to travel to any time zone. It allows the 0person to leave that place for a certain amount of time and travel elsewhere tasting some other exotic experiences. The feeling includes the various aspect of visiting that place as well as the consequences of being home lost to that place. The main intention of the writer is to seek some disrupt moments with the storytelling of unsettled assumptions as well as the mainstream of eating which says that there is no ethnic boundary for confrontation (Bell and Valentine 1997). However, it is essential to set off the present scenario of the updated society and adapt to the rural and past spaces of comforting. While we took the interview with an old lady of seventies, who is also a widow and lived within the walking distance of the King Street narrated about her childhood that she spent in the northwest of the state New South Wales. She explained about her father's work and her mother who was a homemaker. She n arrated some of her memories from the past that contains both the plateaus as well as the constraints of the rural life. She narrated her stories from childhood that included her mother making some delicious cakes with whatever available as there was a scarcity of food and how she made the pickles and jams as her own. This is one of the perspectives of the imagination explained here about the childhood remembrance (Valentine 1999). On her interview, she explained about the change of the food habit that she faced as she was always within the cakes and her husband liked some soups which made her go by that pattern in most of the days without an option. The fact of the interview explains a clear concept that whatever we eat, it is for the power irrespective of the multiculturalism migrant homemaking as well as the essential ethical food. Our discussion in this aspect contains three parts (Swan 1983). While the first part contains the discussions about the home building practices which includes the production as well as the consumption of the food which gives rise to the various kinds of the intercultural practices. In the second part of the discussions mainly contains the facts about the multiculturalism referring to the experience of the cosmopolitan practices created largely by the international tourism. The Cosmo-multiculturalism subjects the ethnicity as an object of the consumption. In the third part of the discussion, for the further exploration of Cosmo-multiculturalism, Cabramatta is used as the site. We should put the stress on the everyday reality of the re-centering of the importance of the multicultural debate. The next discussion concerns with the taste and tab app of the various Cosmo-multiculturalism as well as their impact on the everyday life. The impact of the food regarding the Cosmo-multiculturalism puts on a large impact on nature as well. From the entire domesticated animal, pig is one of them all who runs plants into flesh with great potentiality and efficiency (Crewe 2000). It is taken in this way because a cow can give birth to one calf after nine months while after successful insemination a pig can give birth to minimum eight piglets. The animals are produced for the meat but in the olden days, we see that the Lord forbade his followers to touch certain animals as they are imputing them. Hence, this is an argument with the recent Cosmo-multiculturalism as the generation will decide everything depending on the logic. Various views of the Old Testament characterization, the pigs were considered as the dirty swine while in the modern view they are prohibited concerning their habi t. It is not important always to know the ill effects of certain food to discard them from consumption, but certain genders or, the habit of even the religious rituals forbid them. It was easy for the old period to explain various things with the context in the name of the religion but nowadays people understood matters with the logical reasoning and prevented only on certain grounds except religion. The simple logic to have certain food and not others include the food habit they possess. It is good to have the flesh of those animals that are herbivores as well as the ruminants while some animals are omnivores and thus may not be that healthy to consume. So, the main concern here is said that the consumption of food does not always depend on the proselytizing religion but pity or its practical necessity. The food consumption practices must not overdo with the nutritional compromise with the name of the religion, yet this is one of the common practices that we see in most of the cases. Regarding the discussions, it is important to note that Defilement is not an isolated event. Hence, any practice interpretation of the rules governing the practical aspect of the pollution of any other culture will make it a fail for the ideas ordeal (Douglas 2013). Grasping this scheme will need us to go back to the creation as well as the genesis. The threefold classification also unfolds the earth, water, and Firmament. (Macht 1953) takes the scheme and allows them in each of the animal kinds in a proper sense. Any of the class associated with the locomotion of the animals will have it in element contra el to the religion. When the proposed interpretation of the forbidden animal goes in the manner it is designed concerning the relation then there will be alternations to the dietary rules. The dietary laws would be like the signs inspired every meditation on the oneness and completeness to the god. The avoidance rules give rise to the holiness in the animal kingdom at every meal. The act of recognition of the empathy will give rise to the meaningful part of the worship culminated with the sacrifice within the Temple. The consumption and the generals as discussed earlier is one of the interesting aspects to know besides the religion and all the Cosmo-multiculturalism (Banks and Banks 2009). We will discuss the Japanese concept regarding the food and gender and some of the concepts they follow while starting the new phase especially for the beginning of the school children and their education. The most important practice they do is giving the Obentos considered as the lunch boxes mandatory for the Japanese mother to give their child. Like the Obentos are mandatory, it is compulsory for the student to have the food prepared by the mothers. The simple concept of the Obentos explains that the world we live in is constructed by the symbolical as well as the cultural symbols construction with some potential endowed in it. In this sense culture is doubly constructed for the world of specific people and people for the specified world. Within the discipline of the inside and outside of the anthropology, it is not necessary that the culture must be innocent and the power to be transparent. (Marxist Louis Althusser 1971) encouraged the conceptualization of the power with of subtlety and accepted in the everyday social life. The country and the state will always benefit from the arrangements made regarding the laboring mother and their devoting time to the motherhood and to such degree that the women becomes pressurized as well as pressurized. Preparing of the Obanto encourages the ideological effect and encourages the institutional features of the educational system (Luepker et al. 1996). The Obanto system is very clear and crisp, and it is specifically cooked by the mother consisting of the menus mostly of rice and other healthy food as considered by the female gender. This included the fruits, and the mothers were quite obsessed with the face that they made the episode of the Obanto quite memorable for the children depending on the age group (Henry and Joy 1986). This clearly incepts the thought of the various concept of the Obanto in various countries as we saw even in the example ethnographic. Conclusion: Concerning the various concepts of the way an individual looked at the food and boundary and its ethical as well as some of the religious concepts along with the gender concept, it is important to note the masculine gender has a lot to do with the consumption of meat. While the concept of masculinity goes well with the doing masculinities as well as doing meat, the concept of the feminine is more into the opposite. Hence, it is quite observed in most of the cases that the marital aspect of the masculine gender makes them go through with different types of the compromise. The food and border not only stops in the gendered aspect. There is some religious aspect of what to consume and what not to consume (Richerson and Boyd 2008). While different religion prohibited the consumption of pork considering them as the dirty swine but permitted the beef on the ground of the food habits that these animals followed. Regarding the ethics, there are certain aspects of the food habits that are adopted by the mother considering them as healthy for their children. So we see that the whole of the food boundary is a merely a state of mind rather than any implementation as they give concerning the ethics, religions as well as gender. References: Adams, C.J., 2015.The sexual politics of meat: A feminist-vegetarian critical theory. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Appadurai, A., 1990. Disjuncture and difference in the global cultural economy.Theory, culture and society,7(2), pp.295-310. Austin, S.B., 1999. Commodity knowledge in consumer culture: the role of nutritional health promotion in the making of the diet industry.Weighty issues: Fatness and thinness as social problems, pp.159-181. Banks, J.A. and Banks, C.A.M., 2009.Multicultural education: Issues and perspectives. John Wiley Sons. Bell, D. and Valentine, G., 1997.Consuming geographies: We are where we eat. Psychology Press. Brown, J.L. and Miller, D., 2002. Couples' gender role preferences and management of family food preferences.Journal of nutrition education and behavior,34(4), pp.215-223. Butler, J., 2011.Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. routledge. Crewe, L., 2000. Geographies of retailing and consumption.Progress in Human Geography,24(2), pp.275-290. Doi, L.T., 1973. The Japanese patterns of communication and the concept of amae.Quarterly Journal of Speech,59(2), pp.180-185. Douglas, M., 2013. The abominations of Leviticus.Food and Culture: A Reader,, pp.48-58. Duruz, J., 2005. Eating at the borders: culinary journeys.Environment and Planning D: Society and Space,23(1), pp.51-69. Gabaccia, D.R. and Gabaccia, D.R., 2009.We are what we eat: ethnic food and the making of Americans. Harvard University Press. Luepker, R.V., Perry, C.L., McKinlay, S.M., Nader, P.R., Parcel, G.S., Stone, E.J., Webber, L.S., Elder, J.P., Feldman, H.A., Johnson, C.C. and Kelder, S.H., 1996. Outcomes of a field trial to improve children's dietary patterns and physical activity: the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH).Jama,275(10), pp.768-776. Macht, D.I., 1953. An experimental pharmacological appreciation of Leviticus XI and Deuteronomy XIV.Bulletin of the History of Medicine,27, p.444. McDowell, L., 1999.Gender, identity and place: Understanding feminist geographies. U of Minnesota Press. Murase, A.E. and Hendry, J., 1988. Becoming Japanese: The World of the Pre-School Child. Richerson, P.J. and Boyd, R., 2008.Not by genes alone: How culture transformed human evolution. University of Chicago Press. Sobal, J., 2005. Men, meat, and marriage: Models of masculinity.Food and Foodways,13(1-2), pp.135-158. Swan, P.B., 1983. Food consumption by individuals in the United States: two major surveys.Annual review of nutrition,3(1), pp.413-432. Valentine, G., 1999. Eating in: home, consumption and identity.The Sociological Review,47(3), pp.491-524.

Various Subsections of Anthropology

Studying humanity journey Introduction Anthropology is the study of human beings in time and space. The central theme of anthropology is to trace the development that has occurred to the human race from the past to the present in different geographical locations. In fact, it uses both scientific and humanistic means for its data analysis that is gotten from various studies and researches that are conducted on the human race and its close relatives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Various Subsections of Anthropology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Anthropology explores various issues that pertain to the existence of life for humans and the physical, biological as well as geographical differences exhibited by the human race. From time in memorial, humans have evolved to display the differences that they have among themselves and other animals which share the same ancestral origin. For ease of study, anthropology a s a discipline is divided into various study categories such as physical or biological anthropology, cultural anthropology and forensic anthropology among other sub-sections. Each of these sectors studies a certain aspect of human life aimed at bringing a clear and concise understanding of the human race. This paper aims at explaining the various subsections of anthropology and the role they play in enhancing the understanding of the value of anthropology. The value of studying human evolutionary sequence Of interest to anthropology is the idea of evolution which is pivotal to the explanation of emergence of different forms of life. Evolution theory can be traced back to the work of Charles Darwin who introduced it to modern biological and evolutionary thought. Physical anthropology as a branch deals with evolution of biological characteristics observed in human beings. Evolution can be described as the process by which living organisms have developed mostly through adaptation, natu ral selection and survival for the fittest to be what they are today. This theory uses genetical adaptation and inheritance to explain why some organisms have survived while others have become extinct (Thompson 1). The study of anthropology has helped in many ways both in understanding human beings and solving various problems that persistently arise. Physical anthropology understanding is crucial in the field of medicine.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most scientists believe that biological evolution can help in preventing and inventing cures as well as getting the local population to change their attitude towards medication. It is evident that many problematic diseases have their roots from the genetical inheritance that has occurred from the past. Medical researchers in this field need to study evolutionary biology to trace and get the cure of these early diseases. Evolution h as played a key role in shaping the current anatomy, physiology and behavior that either exposes us to diseases or provides an immune system against the infections. Natural selection has acted through nature to eliminate mal-adapted organisms through diseases and other natural calamities. In the process, various organisms might have either survived or passed on defective genes. Major emphasis is laid on diseases and conditions that are passed through genes, from parents to offsprings which may need inference from biological evolution (Downie 3). Through studying humankind journey via evolution, we are able to understand the position of man in the current world of organisms. It sheds light on why humans are more developed than other organisms although origin of life seems to have been at similar interval. Past human activities that are recorded by archaeological undertakings help to explain the current changes in both humans and the environment we live. It is apparent that through be ings evolution, archeologists have had great impacts on the natural environment by altering it to suit them (Brunet et al 146). Archaeology brings forth information from the ancient life and helps to reconstruct the extent to which human beings have changed. Adaptation to environment is a major tool used by human beings to survive and propagate. Humans globally exhibit different characteristics and behavior as per their geographical regions. These perceived differences are due to the influence of the geographical regions and cultural differences. Human variation (HV) studies the various differences exhibited by human beings namely behavior, color, genetical differences and adaptation measures. HV has evolved from the past through adaptive means to what is currently perceived. Through it, scientists are able to deduce whether humans have the ability to continue adapting successfully to the fluctuating environmental conditions or not. From this kind of data obtained from genetic pools of various past and present humans, scientists are able to advise human beings on potential dangers (Becks et al 989).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Various Subsections of Anthropology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Further, HV helps to explain disease prevalence in certain communities or geographical regions as opposed to others. For example, where the malarial disease has high prevalence, certain genetic traits are also prevalent. The study of HV shows that it is important in maintaining adaptive populations, biological variance for the functioning individual communities and ecological systems. Loss of HV may cause instability in human communities, negative effects in innate systems and genus viability (Becks et al 995). Archaeology is an anthropological discipline that is concerned with the history of people and their extinct cultures. It relies on the remains of left objects and materials called artifac ts for the study and analysis. Archaeology is devoted to the search and excavation of the material remains to reveal the history of people and reconstruct their early life. It produces visible evidence to support the evolution theory. Historical archeology also relies on material culture and its exploitation but combines it with perspectives in anthropological field to bring an understanding of early lives of various groups of people whose material culture has been excavated (Paynter 169). Archaeology provides vital information on various issues that pertain to the extinct population. Information on diseases, cultural way of life, eating habits and other important aspects of human life can be gotten from archaeological analysis. Importance of understanding anthropological sub-fields Understanding the various sub-fields of anthropology has great importance in the life of individuals and that of the complete society. It is a common phenomenon for people to have a biased approach on ot hers due to their differences in culture, color, eating, dressing habits and various aspects of community life. Countless conflicts occur due to the misunderstanding generated by difference in cultures (Brunet et al 148). Through understanding various topics, the prevention of such conflicts is possible. Besides, it prepares an individual for any occurrences that require great understanding of human dynamics.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Anthropology offers important scientific and humanistic knowledge on human beings. Anthropological information traces the descent of mankind from primitive forms to the developed forms that offers insight into the unobserved and observable characteristics which are helpful in a wide-range of scientific and humanistic application. Despite curricula importance, anthropological knowledge has wide individual application in real life. Archaeology and Palaeo-anthropology Introduction Archaeology is the humanistic and scientific study of ancient form of human beings through the use of material culture obtained via recovery and analysis. Material culture are the remains of environmental objects left by the ancient form of human beings including artifacts, building remains, biological remains namely plants, bones, ashes and other archaeological records. Archaeology traces human descent from the first primitive form of human life up the evolution ladder to the present form of human life which takes several million years ago. From paleolithic era to the development of complex human life, archaeology provides information on human evolutionary journey (Renfrew and Bahn 13). Palaeo-anthropology is the study of human fossils in support of evolutionary theory of human beings. However, fossil are the hardened parts of a human body that have been preserved for a long time through the action of nature such as in snow, burrows and in caves. It incorporates intelligible cultural practices like burial practices that man acquired in the process of evolution. Palaeo-anthropology uses both paleontology and physical anthropology to study human fossils. Indeed, physical anthropology is concerned with evolution based on biological inherited characteristics that are essential in the maintenance of human evolution path. Paleontology conversely studies the prehistoric life to determine the evolution and the interactions that occurred among early human beings which might have resu lted into the exchange of cultural practices evident in excavated human remains. Paleontology provides an extensive evolution view of the primary forms of life which are found within the context of early human life (Laudan 58). Human evolution Existing human beings are as a result of a long chain of evolutionary processes that has seen them develop from primitive forms to complex form. The study of their evolution is attributed to palaeo-anthropological studies that get their raw data from archaeological excavations. In the evolution sequence, human beings have adapted biologically to changing environmental conditions. Humans are believed to share a common ancestry with the apes but developed and adapted differently resulting to the differences observed between the ape family and human beings. Mutually, these species share various common and similar characteristics both genetically and cultural although apes display primitive form of human behavior (Laudan 59). The earliest form of human life is traced back to the appearance on the face of earth of an upright walking ape, approximately 6 million years ago. The human species were named hominid and was differentiated from that of the close human like apes named the chimpanzee on traits of uprightness and the use of opposable thumb. This difference is attributed to the use of tools that required the big finger to move constantly to allow for the gripping of the tool. These fossils are dated 7 million years ago. Further excavations yielded other fossils closer to human beings and were classified under the genera Australopithecus and Homo (Renfrew and Bahn 16). Through biological evolution initiated largely from the effects of environmental fluctuations, the general homo developed to Homo sapiens which are associated with the current day human beings. Fossils have been excavated all over the world bearing characteristics that have enabled archaeologists and palaeo-anthropologists to rank them accordingly in the hum an evolution sequence. From the earliest sahelanthropus species, humans have evolved through various stages each with different adaptations that have helped it to survive the torrid natural environment which has been changing from time to time. Natural selection in these species has determined which species were to prosper and propagate while others perished. Through nature, environment chose the best adapted forms of species to pass on to the next level to human evolution. The earliest fossils that had resemblance to human beings were discovered at Taung, near Kimberley in South Africa and were assigned to the genus Australopithecus (Dart 196). This hominid form was more like a chimpanzee and lacked the ability to create tools. Recent discoveries of Kenyanthropus hominid in Kenya that date 3.5 to 7 million years ago reinstated the idea of accepting a separate genera and species for the human beings. Palaeo-anthropologists cite that the separation between the chimpanzee family and t he human family ideally took place nearly 3.5-7 million years ago but each family developed on its own (Dart 197). Biological differences such as teeth pattern and bi-pedalism have been used extensively by palaeo-anthropologists to differentiate human beings forms and other close relatives. The evolution of hominid family was later followed by the excavation of the hominid ardipithecus from the Middle awash region in Ethiopia. This hominid displayed characteristics of terrestrial bi-pedalism which was linked to early human forms. This fossil similarly contained dental system that was close to hominids. The excavation of further hominid forms in Rift Valley also strengthened the argument of evolution (Brunet et al 147). Dentition was used to differentiate the extent of hominid resemblance. The following summary provides a detailed evolutionary sequence of man. The first fossils attributed to the genus Homo was the Australopithecine found in 1924 at Taung in South Africa by Raymond Da rt. The hominid walked erect, lived on the ground and probably used stones as weapons to hunt small animals. It was dated to be 3.5-7 million years old. The first evidence of the Homo species believed to have walked upright was discovered in Java in 1891. It was named Pithecanthropus Erectus meaning the erect ape man. Another kind of identical hominid was made in China; south-west of Peking called Peking man. The hominid had larger cranial capacity than Australopithecus yet lived in communal existence and used fire. The Acheulean tool making era is associated with this hominid. These tools were made of stone, wood and bone. The hominid is also said to have hunted big games in a communal way and lived in caves. The Home erectus gradually evolved into the Neanderthal man. This primitive man used stone flakes as tools, spears for hunting and is seen to have lived in cave (Renfrew and Bahn 15). The Neanderthals were capable of big game hunting including elephants, rhino et cetera. The f inal stage of man evolution is the appearance of the Homo sapiens hominid that represents the modern day man with all the capabilities to live complex lifestyles. It is to be noted that the evolution of man has taken millions of years and various reshaping of man by natural occurrences. Numerous factors have contributed to this evolutionary sequence. Evolution has been marred by struggle for survival. It included where only the fit survived, variations in both biological and physical traits, survival for the fittest which eliminated the mal-adapted organisms and denied them the chance to pass on their defective genes, hence natural selection (Dart, 198). Through natural selection, nature chooses organisms to propagate based on their ability to adapt to the changing natural conditions. Biological adaptation through genetic variance, mutation and propagation has played a key role in the evolution of man. Genes have enabled organisms that are better adapted to evolve further and deny t hose which are not the chance to evolve and therefore die away. Conclusion The emergence of current day man has been as a result of a long series of evolutionary stages that has been documented by palaeo-anthropologists using archaeological evidence of material remains left by early life forms. This trend has passed through several stages each characterized by different traits that brought closer the emergence of modern day man. Biological evolution through the role played by genetic inheritance has been pivotal in this sequence. Works Cited Becks, Lutz, Ellner Stephen, Jones Laura and Hairston Nelson. â€Å"Reduction of adaptive genetic diversity radically alters eco-evolutionary community dynamics†. Ecology letters 13(2010). Brunet, Michel, et al. â€Å"A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa†. Nature 418.6894 (2002): 145–151. Dart, Raymond. â€Å"Australopithecus africanus: The Man-Ape of South Africa†. Nature 115.2884 (1925):195-1 99. Downie, John, R. Evolution in health and disease: The role of evolutionary biological in the medical curriculum, May 1994. Web. Laudan, Ronald. (1992). â€Å"What’s so Special about the Past?† Nitecki, Harman and Nitecki, David. History and Evolution, 2010. Paynter, Ray. â€Å"Historical Archaeology and the Post-Columbian World of North America†. Journal of Archaeological Research 8.3 (2000). Renfrew, Colin and Bahn, Paul. Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice. High Holborn, London: Thames Hudson Ltd, 2004. Print. Thompson, Paul. Biological evolution. Montgomery, AL. Apologetics Press Inc, 1994. This essay on Various Subsections of Anthropology was written and submitted by user Barbara Abbott to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.