Importance of Understanding Biological Basis of Behaviour

Importance of Understanding Biological Basis of doingsThis essay will first of all attempt to briefly key out amidst some of the bases of judgment conduct. Next, the biological approach will be elaborated and this will be followed by a succinct evaluation of the strengths and criticisms of this approach.Behaviour can be understood from different bases (approaches). Among these include Behaviourist, Cognitive, Psychodynamic, Humanistic and Biological approaches (Glassman and Hadad, 2013). The behavioural approach assumes that behaviour is created or modified by environ rational factors, no matter of the mind (Chance, 2013). Vice versa, understanding behaviour from a cognitive basis involves the thoughtfulness of indwelling events (mediators) between a stimulus and behaviour. Contrary to the biological approach, these internal events are conceptual rather than physiological (Gardner, 2008). Similarly, the psychodynamic approach assumes that behaviour is shaped by internal mental processes. On the contrary, it focuses on the motivation of behaviour (intentionality). such(prenominal) motivation influences personality and thereby influences behaviour (Glassman, Glassman and Hadad, 2008). From a humanistic perspective, behaviour is understood from an individuals subjective experiences (phenomenological viewpoint), a free will of individuals to express which is not influenced by immediate or past stimuli (the capacity of choice) and the value individuals place on their experiences and actions (the role of meaning) (Fernald, 2008).In the biological approach, behaviour is as run of neurological, genetic and physiological processes. The whizz and the central nervous system play a key role in determining behaviour. Changes in the growth of the brain are genetically determined and result in psychological and behavioural development. A well-functioning nervous system depicts normal behaviour. Abnormal behaviour is usually characterised by bodily (organic) or genet ic disorders, chemical imbalances, brain injury or mental illness. Consequently, the modes of treatment include the use of drugs, psychosurgery and electroconvulsive therapy. These are used to treat the primal causes of the illness or to relieve symptoms (Sanders, 2014).There are various strengths in understanding behaviour from a biological basis (approach). The biological basis of understanding behaviour has improved our understanding of behaviour. It has successfully proved the impact of genetic factors in explaining behaviour (including individual differences) such as intelligence and some mental disorders. For example, twin studies have shown that behaviour such as susceptibility to mental disorders (Posthuma and Polderman, 2013) and intelligence (Frani et al, 2014) is shaped by genetic factors. The biological approach to understanding behaviour often takes a reductionist approach. Hence, various experimental studies have provided useful results in understanding behaviour. For example, physiological and genetic studies have contributed immensely to our understanding of slumber (Wyatt et al, 1999, Allebrandt et al, 2011, Dauvilliers, Maret and Tafti, 2005).Understanding behaviour from a biological basis has been usefully applied in psychopathology. It has been beneficial in the use of chemotherapy to treat mental disorders such as depression, anxiety and schizophrenia (Rockstroh, 2001). Genetic counselling for couples is as a result of our understanding of the relation that exists between genes and behaviour. This could be of prominent relief for some couples who claim a gene that makes their children susceptible to a fatal disease (Harper, 2010). It is also believed that understanding behaviour in its biological context could help in generalisations between animals and humans (Larsson, 2003).Despite these strengths, the biological basis of understanding behaviour faces some criticisms. It is argued that a thorough understanding of behaviour cannot be established from studying plainly biological factors. Social, cultural and psychological factors have also been shown to have an influence on behaviour. It has therefore been criticised for not including these factors in explaining behaviour (Glassman and Hadad, 2013). Furthermore, some have accent that behaviour is a process and not a substance as portrayed in the biological approach (Greenberg, 2011, Overton, 2006). From a biological perspective, there is great emphasis of the role of genetic factors in shaping behaviour. However, this relation has been shown to be indirect and understood poorly. For example, a twin study by Plomin et al. (1990) found that tv set watching is influenced by genetic factors, but it is unclear how genes cause such effect.In conclusion, understanding behaviour from only a biological basis seems inadequate. This calls for consideration of other approaches to address its limitations.Total word count 699ReferencesAllebrandt, K., Amin, N., Mller-Myhsok, B., Esko, T., Teder-Laving, M., Azevedo, R., Hayward, C., Van Mill, J., Vogelzangs, N. and Green, E. (2011) A KATP channel gene effect on sleep duration from genome-wide connectedness studies to function in Drosophila. Molecular Psychiatry online. 18 (1), pp.122-132. Accessed 16 October 2014Chance, P. (2013) reading and Behavior. Cengage Learning.Dauvilliers, Y., Maret, S. and Tafti, M. (2005) genetic science of normal and pathological sleep in humans. Sleep Medicine Reviews online. 9 (2), pp.91-100. Accessed 14 October 2014Fernald, L.D. (2008) Psychology Six Perspectives. Los Angeles Sage Publications.Frani, S., Dolan, C.V., van Beijsterveldt, C.E., Pol, H.E.H., Bartels, M. and Boomsma, D.I. (2014) Genetic and Environmental Stability of Intelligence in Childhood and Adolescence. Twin Research and Human Genetics online. 17 (03), pp.151-163. Accessed 19 October 2014Gardner, H. (2008) The Minds New Science A History of the Cognitive Revolution. Basic books.Glassman, W., Glassman, W .E. and Hadad, M. (2008) Approaches to Psychology. McGraw-Hill International.Glassman, W.E. and Hadad, M. (2013) Approaches to Psychology. London McGraw-Hill Higher Education.Greenberg, G. (2011) The failure of biogenetic analysis in psychological science Why psychology is not a biological science. Research in Human Development online. 8 (3-4), pp.173-191. Accessed 14 October 2014Harper, P.S. (2010) Practical Genetic Counselling. Hodder Arnold London.Larsson, K. (2003) My way to biological psychology. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology online. 44 (3), pp.173-187. Accessed 25 October 2014Overton, W.F. (2006) Developmental psychology Philosophy, concepts, methodology. Handbook of Child Psychology.Plomin, R., Corley, R., DeFries, J.C. and Fulker, D.W. (1990) Individual differences in television viewing in proterozoic childhood Nature as well as nurture. Psychological Science online. 1 (6), pp.371-377. Accessed 29 October 2014Posthuma, D. and Polderman, T.J. (2013) What have we learned from recent twin studies about the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders? Current Opinion in Neurology online. 26 (2), pp.111-121. Accessed 30 October 2014Rockstroh, B. (2001) Contributions of biological psychology to psychopathology. Biological Psychology online. 57 (1), pp.1-4. Accessed 20 October 2014Sanders, R.L. (2014) Biological Psychology. London Learning Matters.Wyatt, J.K., Ritz-De Cecco, A., Czeisler, C.A. and Dijk, D.J. (1999) Circadian temperature and melatonin rhythms, sleep, and neurobehavioral function in humans living on a 20-h day. The American Journal of Physiology online. 277 (4 Pt 2), pp.R1152-63. Accessed 30 October 20141